Market Orientation - Infopage

EU agri-food trade in context and elements of EU competitiveness.

Background information

The EU is the first world's exporter and third importer of agri-food products. EU products are in strong demand and the past CAP reforms have allowed the increased market-orientation of its policies and competitiveness of EU agri-food products. Below indicators reflect extra EU (with third countries) as well as intraEU (between Member States) trade orientation for the whole EU and individual Member States.

Food security is one of the key objectives of the CAP, both within the EU and globally. The EU has given long-standing preferential market access for products from developing and least developed countries (LDCs) and this access has been substantially deepened over time.

To know more on market orientation and EU agri-food trade click here: https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/trade-analysis_en.

In case data are missing for some Member States, EU totals are calculated with the available information.

Share of EU in global Agri-food trade (%)

Indicator(s) used in the graph:

Type
Name
Parameter
Code
Unit
Source
Result Pillar I
RPI_04 EU agricultural trade
EU agri-food exports in world agri-food exports
RPI_04_1
%
DG AGRI

Notes:

  • Agri-food products cover the whole range of agricultural and food products (Commodities; Other primary products; Processed products; Food preparations; Beverages and Non-edible products).

Graph: EU market openness to LDC - Agri-food imports (Billion EUR)

Indicator(s) used in the graph:

Type
Name
Parameter
Code
Unit
Source
Result Pillar I
RPI_04 EU agricultural trade
EU
RPI_04_1
billion EUR
Eurostat

Mapping with legend(s) in the graph:

Legend
Code/Formula
European Union
RPI_04_4a

Notes:

  • Least developed countries (LDC), according to the latest UN classification (https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/publication/ldc_list.pdf), include Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo (Democratic Republic of), Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia.

Graph: EU Agri-food trade performance (Billion EUR)

Indicator(s) used in the graph:

Type
Name
Sub-indicator
Parameter
Code
Unit
Source
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra)EU trade value: Exports + Imports
Total
IMP_06_1
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra)EU trade value: Exports + Imports
Commodities
IMP_06_1a
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra)EU trade value: Exports + Imports
Other primary
IMP_06_1b
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra)EU trade value: Exports + Imports
Processed
IMP_06_1c
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra)EU trade value: Exports + Imports
Food preparations
IMP_06_1d
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra)EU trade value: Exports + Imports
Beverages
IMP_06_1e
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra)EU trade value: Exports + Imports
Non-edible
IMP_06_1f
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU trade value: Exports + Imports
Total
IMP_06_1.1
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU trade value: Exports + Imports
Commodities
IMP_06_1.1a
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU trade value: Exports + Imports
Other primary
IMP_06_1.1b
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU trade value: Exports + Imports
Processed
IMP_06_1.1c
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU trade value: Exports + Imports
Food preparations
IMP_06_1.1d
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU trade value: Exports + Imports
Beverages
IMP_06_1.1e
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU trade value: Exports + Imports
Non-edible
IMP_06_1.1f
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU trade value: Exports + Imports
Total
IMP_06_1.2
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU trade value: Exports + Imports
Commodities
IMP_06_1.2a
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU trade value: Exports + Imports
Other primary
IMP_06_1.2b
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU trade value: Exports + Imports
Processed
IMP_06_1.2c
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU trade value: Exports + Imports
Food preparations
IMP_06_1.2d
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU trade value: Exports + Imports
Beverages
IMP_06_1.2e
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU trade value: Exports + Imports
Non-edible
IMP_06_1.2f
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra)EU trade balance
Total
IMP_06_2
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU trade balance
Commodities
IMP_06_2a
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU trade balance
Other primary
IMP_06_2b
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU trade balance
Processed
IMP_06_2c
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU trade balance
Food preparations
IMP_06_2d
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU trade balance
Beverages
IMP_06_2e
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU trade balance
Non-edible
IMP_06_2f
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU trade balance
Total
IMP_06_2.1
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU trade balance
Commodities
IMP_06_2.1a
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU trade balance
Other primary
IMP_06_2.1b
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU trade balance
Processed
IMP_06_2.1c
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU trade balance
Food preparations
IMP_06_2.1d
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU trade balance
Beverages
IMP_06_2.1e
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU trade balance
Non-edible
IMP_06_2.1f
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU trade balance
Total
IMP_06_2.2
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU trade balance
Commodities
IMP_06_2.2a
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU trade balance
Other primary
IMP_06_2.2b
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU trade balance
Processed
IMP_06_2.2c
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU trade balance
Food preparations
IMP_06_2.2d
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU trade balance
Beverages
IMP_06_2.2e
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU trade balance
Non-edible
IMP_06_2.2f
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU exports value
Total
IMP_06_3
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU exports value
Commodities
IMP_06_3a
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU exports value
Other primary
IMP_06_3b
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU exports value
Processed
IMP_06_3c
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU exports value
Food preparations
IMP_06_3d
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU exports value
Beverages
IMP_06_3e
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU exports value
Non-edible
IMP_06_3f
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU exports value
Total
IMP_06_3.1
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU exports value
Commodities
IMP_06_3.1a
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU exports value
Other primary
IMP_06_3.1b
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU exports value
Processed
IMP_06_3.1c
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU exports value
Food preparations
IMP_06_3.1d
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU exports value
Beverages
IMP_06_3.1e
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU exports value
Non-edible
IMP_06_3.1f
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU exports value
Total
IMP_06_3.2
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU exports value
Commodities
IMP_06_3.2a
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU exports value
Other primary
IMP_06_3.2b
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU exports value
Processed
IMP_06_3.2c
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU exports value
Food preparations
IMP_06_3.2d
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU exports value
Beverages
IMP_06_3.2e
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU exports value
Non-edible
IMP_06_3.2f
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU imports value
Total
IMP_06_4
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU imports value
Commodities
IMP_06_4a
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU imports value
Other primary
IMP_06_4b
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU imports value
Processed
IMP_06_4c
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU imports value
Food preparations
IMP_06_4d
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU imports value
Beverages
IMP_06_4e
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food (intra + extra) EU imports value
Non-edible
IMP_06_4f
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU imports value
Total
IMP_06_4.1
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU imports value
Commodities
IMP_06_4.1a
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU imports value
Other primary
IMP_06_4.1b
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU imports value
Processed
IMP_06_4.1c
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU imports value
Food preparations
IMP_06_4.1d
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU imports value
Beverages
IMP_06_4.1e
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food intraEU imports value
Non-edible
IMP_06_4.1f
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU imports value
Total
IMP_06_4.2
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU imports value
Commodities
IMP_06_4.2a
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU imports value
Other primary
IMP_06_4.2b
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU imports value
Processed
IMP_06_4.2c
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU imports value
Food preparations
IMP_06_4.2d
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU imports value
Beverages
IMP_06_4.2e
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT
Impact
IMP_06 EU agricultural trade
Agri-food extraEU imports value
Non-edible
IMP_06_4.2f
billion EUR
Eurostat - COMEXT

Notes:

  • For more information on the detailed classification click here.
  • Regular updates on agricultural trade are also available here.

Graph: Exports in EU production value (%)

Indicator(s) used in the graph:

Type
Name
Parameter
Code
Unit
Source
Result Indicator I
RPI_04 EU agricultural trade
Agri primary products
RPI_04_3a
%
DG AGRI
Result Indicator I
RPI_04 EU agricultural trade
Food industry products
RPI_04_3b
%
DG AGRI

Mapping with legend(s) in the graph:

Legend
Code/Formula
Agri primary products
RPI_04_3a
Food industry products
RPI_04_3b

Notes:

  • Agri-primary products include commodities and other primary agricultural products (see above). For the food industry products, the definition is different from food preparations and beverages above as it is based on Eurostat Prodcom providing both exports and production value.

Graph: EU and World price volatility

3 year coefficient of variation

Indicator(s) used in the graph:

Type
Name
Sub-Indicator
Parameter
Code
Unit
Source
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years EU prices
Soft wheat
IMP_04_1a
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years EU prices
Maize
IMP_04_1b
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years EU prices
Barley
IMP_04_1c
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years EU prices
Sugar
IMP_04_1d
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years EU prices
Butter
IMP_04_1e
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years EU prices
SMP
IMP_04_1f
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years EU prices
Cheese
IMP_04_1g
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years EU prices
Beef
IMP_04_1h
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years EU prices
Pork
IMP_04_1i
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years EU prices
Poultry
IMP_04_1j
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years EU prices
Eggs
IMP_04_1k
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years World prices
Soft wheat
IMP_04_2a
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years World prices
Maize
IMP_04_2b
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years World prices
Barley
IMP_04_2c
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years World prices
Sugar
IMP_04_2d
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years World prices
Butter
IMP_04_2e
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years World prices
SMP
IMP_04_2f
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years World prices
Cheese
IMP_04_2g
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years World prices
Beef
IMP_04_2h
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years World prices
Pork
IMP_04_2i
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years World prices
Poultry
IMP_04_2j
%
DG AGRI
Impact
IMP_04 EU commodity price variability
CV - 3 years World prices
Eggs
IMP_04_2k
%
DG AGRI

Mapping with legend(s) in the graph:

Commodity
Legend
Code/Formula
Wheat
EU prices
IMP_04_1a
Maize
EU prices
IMP_04_1b
Barley
EU prices
IMP_04_1c
Sugar
EU prices
IMP_04_1d
Butter
EU prices
IMP_04_1e
SMP
EU prices
IMP_04_1f
Cheese
EU prices
IMP_04_1g
Beef
EU prices
IMP_04_1h
Pigmeat
EU prices
IMP_04_1i
Poultry
EU prices
IMP_04_1j
Eggs
EU prices
IMP_04_1k
Wheat
EU prices
IMP_04_2a
Maize
EU prices
IMP_04_2b
Barley
EU prices
IMP_04_2c
Sugar
EU prices
IMP_04_2d
Butter
EU prices
IMP_04_2e
SMP
EU prices
IMP_04_2f
Cheese
EU prices
IMP_04_2g
Beef
EU prices
IMP_04_2h
Pigmeat
EU prices
IMP_04_2i
Poultry
EU prices
IMP_04_2j
Eggs
EU prices
IMP_04_2k

Notes:

  • There are several measures/estimators for volatility, such as standard deviation of the changes in price, variance of log-returns, coefficient of variation and so on. All of them produce different numbers but they all show the same pattern. Here the volatility is measured with a 3-year coefficient of variation.

Graph: EU competitiveness: ratio between EU and world prices

Indicator(s) used in the graph:

Type
Name
Parameter
Code
Unit
Source
Result Pillar I
RPI_08 EU vs World prices
Weighted average
RPI_08_1
ratio
DG AGRI
Result Pillar I
RPI_08 EU vs World prices
Soft wheat
RPI_08_2a
ratio
DG AGRI
Result Pillar I
RPI_08 EU vs World prices
Maize
RPI_08_2b
ratio
DG AGRI
Result Pillar I
RPI_08 EU vs World prices
Barley
RPI_08_2c
ratio
DG AGRI
Result Pillar I
RPI_08 EU vs World prices
Sugar
RPI_08_2d
ratio
DG AGRI
Result Pillar I
RPI_08 EU vs World prices
Butter
RPI_08_2e
ratio
DG AGRI
Result Pillar I
RPI_08 EU vs World prices
SMP
RPI_08_2f
ratio
DG AGRI
Result Pillar I
RPI_08 EU vs World prices
WMP
RPI_08_2g
ratio
DG AGRI
Result Pillar I
RPI_08 EU vs World prices
Cheese (Cheddar)
RPI_08_2h
ratio
DG AGRI
Result Pillar I
RPI_08 EU vs World prices
Beef
RPI_08_2i
ratio
DG AGRI
Result Pillar I
RPI_08 EU vs World prices
Pigmeat
RPI_08_2j
ratio
DG AGRI
Result Pillar I
RPI_08 EU vs World prices
Poultry
RPI_08_2k
ratio
DG AGRI

Mapping with legend(s) in the graph:

Legend
Code/Formula
All commodities (weighted average)
RPI_08_1
Wheat
RPI_08_2a
Maize
RPI_08_2b
Barley
RPI_08_2c
Sugar
RPI_08_2d
Butter
RPI_08_2e
SMP
RPI_08_2f
WMP
RPI_08_2g
Cheese
RPI_08_2h
Beef
RPI_08_2i
Pigmeat
RPI_08_2j
Poultry
RPI_08_2k

Notes:

  • A ratio above 1 means that the EU price is above the world price. The reference for the world price was selected among main competitors of the EU. All the details are provided in the indicator fiche (follow the Result_PillarI link ). For example in the beef sector, the EU is competitive relative to the US and Canada but not to Brazil (used here as reference).